Periods of classical Thai Buddhist Sculpture
|
Century
|
Period
|
Description
|
| 2 - 4 |
Gandhara |
From N.India, Pakistan & Afghanistan Greek/Roman influence. |
| 7 - 8 |
Pre-Angkoren |
Early Khmer Influence - Primitive looking. |
| 7 - 9 |
Early Dvaravati |
Thai - Indian - Gandhara influence. |
| 9 - 12 |
Dvaravati |
As above but more refined. |
| 8 -14 |
Srivijaya |
Thai - Javanese influence (southern Thailand). |
| 11 - 13 |
Lopburi |
Thai - Khmer influence, appears more decorative than pure Khmer. |
| 13 |
Haripunjaja (Lamphun) |
Eye brows are continuous curves, pointed hair curls with defined boarder. Usnisa is a smooth cone (the only other smooth cone image is a U-Tong - A). |
| 13 - 16 |
Chiengsen or Lan Na |
Very broad shoulders, well developed chest, usually no sign of a belt at the waist, eyes lowered, arched separate brows, delicate nose, small mouth, fleshy lips & large spiral hair curls. Bases usually have broad upright lotus petals. |
| 13 - 16 |
Chiengsen (early) |
Short robe flap over left shoulder, large hair curls, smooth cone shaped Usnisa (lotus bud). Legs in 'Vajrasana' - usually both feet soles showing. |
| 13 - 16 |
Chiengsen (late) or Chiang Mai period |
Sukhothai influence - longer robe flap over left shoulder extending to the navel, smaller hair curls, Flame finial replacing the lotus bud. |
| 14 - 15 |
Nakhon Sri Thammarat |
Legs in 'Paryankasana' - usually only one foot sole showing. |
| 13 -14 |
Sukhothai |
Classical Thai period. Elongated, oval, slim face & arms, down cast eyes with sweeping brows merging to form a bridge, long aquiline nose, chiselled lips & slight smile, Flame Finial, belt – sometimes represented by a groove. On later Sukhothai images the belt was sometimes a double groove and all fingers except the thumb are almost of equal length as in the Ayuthaya style period. |
| 13 - 16 |
U-Tong |
All share the following - hair in small curls, nearly always outlined by a narrow band across the forehead, sometimes wears a belt. |
| 13 - 14 |
U-Tong - A |
Reminiscent of Lopburi style face (post Bayon), broad face, slightly arched brows, band below hairline. Usnisa is never a flame except on restored images. Form of image is very squat. |
| 13 - 14 |
U-Tong - B |
Khmer style broad face, similar to Lopburi style, usually a narrow band below hairline, high flame ornament. Form of image is elongated. |
| 14 - 16 |
U-Tong - C |
Similar in form to group B, but with elongated flame finial (similar to Sukhothai), heavy cheeks, rounded eyelids. All U-Tong A, B & C usually has small hair curls. |
| 14 - 18 |
Ayuthaya |
Head is similar to U-Tong C, brows are fine ridges that meet at the top of the nose, sometimes extending down to its tip, eyes are half lowered with bulging lids, faint smile, lips small surrounded by an outline, upper lip is sometimes adorned with a thin moustaches - single incised line above the lip, hair is in small curls. Sometimes wearing a crown or flame finial, this style is not as elegant as Sukhothai. Base is that of a step pyramid shape, top most step is lotus shaped with narrow petals. |
| 16 |
Ayuthaya later period |
Wears ear pendants, neck band and the hair is covered by a tall cone shaped cover 'Mukuta'. Sometimes wearing a crown |
| 18 - 20 |
Bangkok |
Usually wearing a crown. |
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